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Polynomial Fit Functions
RegressionObject.cls contains a class that provides an easy way to add polynomial regression functionality to any application. If you just want linear regression of a very high degree, no matter; this class has good performance and scales seamlessly with the complexity of your problem.
What Is a Regression, Anyway?
Given a number of two-dimensional data points—maybe as pairs (x,y) of coordinates, maybe as measured values of current and voltage, etc.—the problem arises of how to fit a theoretical curve that matches these data as good as possible. Very common is the use of linear approximation or polynomial fits of the form:
y(x) = c0*x^0 + c1*x^1 + c2*x^2 + c3*x^3 + ...
Two special cases of these polynoms everyone is familiar with are the first and second order curves (straight line and parabel):
y(x) = m*x + n (linear regression)
y(x) = a*x^2 + b*x + c (parabolic regression)
The good news is: That’s all you need to know about mathematics. These functions exist and can give a smooth fit for your data.
How to Use the Class
Include RegressionObject.cls to your project workspace and create an instance of the class:
Dim Reg As New RegressionObject
Decide for the highest power of x (the degree of the polynom) you want to consider. Be careful with too-high values! Use 1 for linear regression and 2 for parabolic. The class limits the degree to 25. Higher values lead to datatype overflow and even 10 is much higher than I can think of. If you have a shortage of memory, change the limit in RegressionObject.cls, “Private Const MaxO& = 25”, to a smaller value.
Reg.Degree = 2 '2 is also the default value
Then, add your data points. No extra memory is consumed because these data are not actually stored in the class. Add as many as you like!
For i= 1 To MyDataCount
Reg.XYAdd MyData(i).Voltage, MyData(i).Current
Next i
When done, maybe you want to draw the fit curve to a PictureBox?
Pic1.CurrentX = xMin
Pic1.CurrentY = Reg.RegVal(xMin)
For X = xMin to xMax
Pic1.Line -(X, Reg.RegVal(X))
Next X
That’s it!
I Know My Math. Give Me the Coefficients!
The work that the class object does for you is to calculate the coefficients ( c0, c1, c2, c3, …) in the general equation of the polynom:
y(x) = c0*x^0 + c1*x^1 + c2*x^2 + c3*x^3 + ...
If you want to use them outside of the class object, you can retrieve them with the Coeff() property:
a = Reg.Coeff(2)
b = Reg.Coeff(1)
c = Reg.Coeff(0) ' gives the coeffs for y = a*x^2 + b*x + c
or
m = Reg.Coeff(1)
n = Reg.Coeff(0) ' for y = m*x + n
Additional Notes
It is not possible to retrieve the original data from the class object because they are NOT stored there. However, if you forgot it, you can check how many datapoints already have been added to the regression. The XYCount property provides this information.
I used VB 6.0 (SP4) to build and test the code. It is supposed to work with previous VB editions without any changes.
This class is built on my knowledge of mathematics and on the implementation suggestion for the gauss algorithm from R. Sedgewick’s Algorithms … book.
Thanks to U. Hannemann for bringing up the idea of implementing a second order regression in the first place, which I extendend to this more general task.
Frank Schindler, Dresden, Germany, 16.9.2000
e-mail: [email protected]
1st Revision, Dresden, Germany, 23.9.2003
