A Time Zone API supplement

Time Zone API

Unfortunately, the Windows Time Zone API only has four functions:

• GetTimeZoneInformation()
• GetTimeZoneInformationForYear()
• GetDynamicTimeZoneInformation()
• GetDynamicTimeZoneInformationForYear()

These functions only work on the local time zone and, as such, as useless for
any globalized application.

This API contains enumeration for all the World’s time zones, their bias
(offset from UTC), and both the Standard and Daylight labels for the time zones. 
What is interesting is that all this information is built into Windows, but it’s
not accessable normally.

Defined Time Zone API Functions:

  TZI_LOCALTIMEZONE
  Defined so that NO TIME ZONE is a valid setting for the Bias.  Use  this for the bias to indicate that there is no bias and that it is a local time.
    
  UINT WINAPI TZIEnum(TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION *pTZI, UINT cbTZI);
  Get the list of TimeZones
  Param:
              TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION pTZI    : The Time Zone Infomation array
              UINT cbTZI                    : Size of Array to fill
       Note: Pass NULL and 0 to get the total size  needed.
  Return:
              UINT                          : Count of TZI structures enumerated
              The structures will be filled in in the TZI array
    
  void  WINAPI FindTimezoneDate(SYSTEMTIME *pEncoded, UINT wYear,  SYSTEMTIME *pOut);
  Decode the encoded SYSTEMTIME
  Param:
              SYSTEMTIME *pEncoded          : The encoded SYSTEMTIME 
              UINT wYear                    : Year to work with
              SYSTEMTIME *pOUT              : The decoded SYSTEMTIME 
  Return:
              None
   
  void  WINAPI AdjustSystemTime(SYSTEMTIME &stIn, TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION  &tzi);
  Return the updated SYSTEMTIME for the timezone
  Param:
              SYSTEMTIME stIn               : Time to modify
              TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION tzi     : The Time Zone Infomation block
  Return:
              Updated stIn

  LONG WINAPI GetAdjustSystemTime(SYSTEMTIME &stIn,  TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION &tzi);
  Return the Offset in minutes for the timezone
  Param:
              SYSTEMTIME stIn               : Time to check
              TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION tzi     : The Time Zone Infomation block
  Return:
              LONG                          : Offset in Minutes

  BOOL WINAPI IsDST(SYSTEMTIME &stIn, TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION  &tzi);
  Return the DST setting for the timezone
  Param:
              SYSTEMTIME stIn               : Time to check
              TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION tzi     : The Time Zone Infomation block
  Return:
              BOOL                          : DST setting for the passed time
   

Sample Code:

/*
 * Sample program to demonstrate the Time Zone API
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2011 Erik H Gawtry
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include "TimeZone.h"

#ifndef countof
#define countof(a)	(sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]))
#endif

int _tmain(int argc, TCHAR *argv[])
{
	 // Get the number of time zones
	int iCount = (int)TZIEnum(NULL, 0);
	 // Allocate the space
	TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION *pTZI = (TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION *)malloc(sizeof(TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION)*(iCount+1));
	 // Zero out
	ZeroMemory(pTZI, sizeof(TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION)*(iCount+1));
	 // Get the time zone entries
	TZIEnum(pTZI, iCount);

	SYSTEMTIME st, stDaylightDate, stStandardDate;
	TCHAR szDaylightDate[64], szStandardDate[64];
	 // Get the UTC system time
	GetSystemTime(&st);
	 // Loop
	for(int i = 0; i < iCount; ++i)
	{
		 // Is it DST?
		BOOL bDST = IsDST(st, pTZI[i]);
		 // What is the offset
		LONG lBias = GetAdjustSystemTime(st, pTZI[i]);
		bool bNegative = (lBias<0);
		lBias = labs(lBias);
		 // Display the entry with offset
		_tprintf(_T("%c(%02d:%02d): %-32.32s (%s)"),
			(bNegative)?'-':'+', lBias/60, lBias%60, bDST?pTZI[i].DaylightName:pTZI[i].StandardName, bDST?_T("DST"):_T(" ST")
			);
		 // DST specified for the time zone?
		if( pTZI[i].DaylightDate.wMonth )
		{
			 // Convert to normal time
			FindTimezoneDate(&pTZI[i].DaylightDate, st.wYear, &stDaylightDate);
			FindTimezoneDate(&pTZI[i].StandardDate, st.wYear, &stStandardDate);
			 // Format for output
			GetDateFormat(LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, DATE_SHORTDATE, &stDaylightDate, NULL, szDaylightDate, countof(szDaylightDate));
			GetDateFormat(LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, DATE_SHORTDATE, &stStandardDate, NULL, szStandardDate, countof(szStandardDate));
			_tprintf(_T(" %-10.10s %-10.10s"), szDaylightDate, szStandardDate);
		}
		_tprintf(_T("n"));
	}

	 // Cleanup
	free(pTZI);
	return 0;
}