Drawing Image RGB Color Distribution Using OpenGL

This article allows ones to:

• draw an image RGB color distribution using OpenGL in a dialog,
• use OpenGL display lists,
• draw antialiased smooth colored lines,
• implement mouse interaction (rotation),
• store and load an image from resource.

We assume that our aim is to display the RGB color distribution of the following image (Figure 1) in an interactive way. In particular, it would be nice to display the RGB cube and the image color cloud.

Initialization of the Rendering Engine

//*********************************
// OnCreate 
//*********************************
int CColorDlg::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct) 
{
 // Init OpenGL engine
 HWND hWnd = GetSafeHwnd();
 HDC hDC = ::GetDC(hWnd);

 if(SetWindowPixelFormat(hDC)==FALSE)
  return 0;

 if(CreateViewGLContext(hDC)==FALSE)
  return 0;

 // The lines are antialiased
 glEnable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH);
 glEnable(GL_BLEND);
 glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA,GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
 glHint(GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT,GL_NICEST);
 glLineWidth(1.5); // required
 glPointSize(1.0);
 glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT,GL_LINE);
 glPolygonMode(GL_BACK,GL_LINE);
 glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

 // Precalculate display lists
 BuildListCube();
 BuildListCloud();

 return 0;
}

//**********************************************
// OpenGL
//**********************************************
BOOL CColorDlg::SetWindowPixelFormat(HDC hDC)
{
 PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pixelDesc;

 pixelDesc.nSize = sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR);
 pixelDesc.nVersion = 1;

 pixelDesc.dwFlags = PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW 
                   | PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL 
                   | PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER 
                   | PFD_STEREO_DONTCARE;

 pixelDesc.iPixelType = PFD_TYPE_RGBA;
 pixelDesc.cColorBits = 32;
 pixelDesc.cRedBits = 8;
 pixelDesc.cRedShift = 16;
 pixelDesc.cGreenBits = 8;
 pixelDesc.cGreenShift = 8;
 pixelDesc.cBlueBits = 8;
 pixelDesc.cBlueShift = 0;
 pixelDesc.cAlphaBits = 0;
 pixelDesc.cAlphaShift = 0;
 pixelDesc.cAccumBits = 64;
 pixelDesc.cAccumRedBits = 16;
 pixelDesc.cAccumGreenBits = 16;
 pixelDesc.cAccumBlueBits = 16;
 pixelDesc.cAccumAlphaBits = 0;
 pixelDesc.cDepthBits = 32;
 pixelDesc.cStencilBits = 8;
 pixelDesc.cAuxBuffers = 0;
 pixelDesc.iLayerType = PFD_MAIN_PLANE;
 pixelDesc.bReserved = 0;
 pixelDesc.dwLayerMask = 0;
 pixelDesc.dwVisibleMask = 0;
 pixelDesc.dwDamageMask = 0;

 m_GLPixelIndex = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC,&pixelDesc);
 if(m_GLPixelIndex==0) // Choose default
 {
  m_GLPixelIndex = 1;
  if(!DescribePixelFormat(hDC,m_GLPixelIndex,
  sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),&pixelDesc))
  return FALSE;
 }

 if(!SetPixelFormat(hDC,m_GLPixelIndex,&pixelDesc))
  return FALSE;

 return TRUE;
}

//*********************************
// CreateViewGLContext 
//*********************************
BOOL CColorDlg::CreateViewGLContext(HDC hDC)
{
 m_hGLContext = wglCreateContext(hDC);

 if(m_hGLContext==NULL)
  return FALSE;

 if(wglMakeCurrent(hDC,m_hGLContext)==FALSE)
  return FALSE;

 return TRUE;
}

//*********************************
// OnDestroy 
//*********************************
void CColorDlg::OnDestroy() 
{
 CDialog::OnDestroy();

 if(wglGetCurrentContext() != NULL)
  wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL);

 if(m_hGLContext != NULL)
 {
  wglDeleteContext(m_hGLContext);
  m_hGLContext = NULL;
 }

 glDeleteLists(1,2);
}

RENDERING

//*********************************
// OnPaint 
//*********************************
void CColorDlg::OnPaint() 
{
 // ** Draw scene **
 CPaintDC dc(this);
 RenderScene();
 SwapBuffers(dc.m_ps.hdc); // double buffer
}

//*********************************
// RenderScene 
//*********************************
void CColorDlg::RenderScene()
{
 ::glClearColor((float)GetRValue(m_BackColor)/255.0f,
                (float)GetGValue(m_BackColor)/255.0f,
                (float)GetBValue(m_BackColor)/255.0f,1.0f);
 ::glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

 ::glPushMatrix();
 ::glTranslated(0.0,0.0,-8.0);
 ::glRotated(m_xRotate, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 ::glRotated(m_yRotate, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
 ::glCallList(1); // cube
 ::glCallList(2); // clouds
 ::glPopMatrix();
}

//***********************************************
// BuildList
//***********************************************
void CColorDlg::BuildListCube(BOOL list)
{
 GLUquadricObj* pQuadric = gluNewQuadric();

 if(list)
  ::glNewList(1,GL_COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE);

 float x = m_Size;

 // RGB cube
 glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
  glColor3ub(0,0,0);
  glVertex3d(-x,-x,-x);
  glColor3ub(255,0,0);
  glVertex3d(x,-x,-x);
  glColor3ub(255,255,0);
  glVertex3d(x,x,-x);
  glColor3ub(0,255,0);
  glVertex3d(-x,x,-x);
 glEnd();

 glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
  glColor3ub(0,0,255);
  glVertex3d(-x,-x,x);
  glColor3ub(255,0,255);
  glVertex3d(x,-x,x);
  glColor3ub(255,255,255);
  glVertex3d(x,x,x);
  glColor3ub(0,255,255);
  glVertex3d(-x,x,x);
 glEnd();

 glBegin(GL_LINES);
  glColor3ub(0,0,0);
  glVertex3d(-x,-x,-x);
  glColor3ub(0,0,255);
  glVertex3d(-x,-x,x);
  glColor3ub(255,0,0);
  glVertex3d(x,-x,-x);
  glColor3ub(255,0,255);
  glVertex3d(x,-x,x);
  glColor3ub(255,255,0);
  glVertex3d(x,x,-x);
  glColor3ub(255,255,255);
  glVertex3d(x,x,x);
  glColor3ub(0,255,0);
  glVertex3d(-x,x,-x);
  glColor3ub(0,255,255);
  glVertex3d(-x,x,x);
 glEnd();

 // Spheres
 glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT,GL_FILL);
 glPolygonMode(GL_BACK,GL_FILL);
 float radius = 0.1f;

 glPushMatrix();
 glTranslated(-m_Size,-m_Size,-m_Size);
 glColor3ub(0,0,0);
 gluSphere(pQuadric,radius,12,12); 
 glPopMatrix();

 glPushMatrix();
 glTranslated(m_Size,-m_Size,-m_Size);
 glColor3ub(255,0,0);
 gluSphere(pQuadric,radius,12,12); 
 glPopMatrix();

 glPushMatrix();
 glTranslated(-m_Size,m_Size,-m_Size);
 glColor3ub(0,255,0);
 gluSphere(pQuadric,radius,12,12); 
 glPopMatrix();

 glPushMatrix();
 glTranslated(-m_Size,-m_Size,m_Size);
 glColor3ub(0,0,255);
 gluSphere(pQuadric,radius,12,12); 
 glPopMatrix();

 glPushMatrix();
 glTranslated(m_Size,m_Size,-m_Size);
 glColor3ub(255,255,0);
 gluSphere(pQuadric,radius,12,12); 
 glPopMatrix();

 glPushMatrix();
 glTranslated(-m_Size,m_Size,m_Size);
 glColor3ub(0,255,255);
 gluSphere(pQuadric,radius,12,12); 
 glPopMatrix();

 glPushMatrix();
 glTranslated(m_Size,-m_Size,m_Size);
 glColor3ub(255,0,255);
 gluSphere(pQuadric,radius,12,12); 
 glPopMatrix();

 glPushMatrix();
 glTranslated(m_Size,m_Size,m_Size);
 glColor3ub(255,255,255);
 gluSphere(pQuadric,radius,12,12); 
 glPopMatrix();

 if(list)
  ::glEndList();

 gluDeleteQuadric(pQuadric);
}

//***********************************************
// BuildListCloud
//***********************************************
void CColorDlg::BuildListCloud()
{
 TRACE("Build list cloud...");

 // Image area
 unsigned int area = m_Image.GetWidth()
                   * m_Image.GetHeight();

 TRACE("area : %d...",area);

 // Need valid image (24 bits)
 if(area == 0 ||
  m_Image.GetDepth() != 24)
 return;

 // Maximum -> area distinct colors / 2^24
 // This table is memory expansive, but short lived
 TRACE("alloc...");
 unsigned char *pTable = new unsigned char[16777216];
 memset(pTable,0,16777216); // init 0

 // Image data
 unsigned int wb32 = m_Image.GetWidthByte32();
 unsigned char *pData = m_Image.GetData();

 // Build a new list
 TRACE("build list...");
 int nb = 0;
 ::glNewList(2,GL_COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE);
 glBegin(GL_POINTS);
 float tmp = 2.0f/255.0f*m_Size;
 for(unsigned int j=0;j<m_Image.GetHeight();j++)
  for(unsigned int i=0;i<m_Image.GetWidth();i++)
  {
   unsigned char b = pData[wb32*j+3*i];
   unsigned char g = pData[wb32*j+3*i+1];
   unsigned char r = pData[wb32*j+3*i+2];
   if(!pTable[b*65536+g*256+r])
   {
    glColor3ub(r,g,b);
    float x = -m_Size+(float)r*tmp;
    float y = -m_Size+(float)g*tmp;
    float z = -m_Size+(float)b*tmp;
    glVertex3d(x,y,z);
    pTable[b*65536+g*256+r] = 1;
    nb++;
   }
  }
 
 glEnd();
 ::glEndList();
 TRACE("%d points...",nb);

 TRACE("cleanup...");
 delete [] pTable;
 TRACE("ok\n");
}

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